For SLA batteries that are used in parallel online, the charging method is
recommended to use 2.27V/cell (corresponding to 12V battery is 13.7V) constant
voltage charging, this solution will not overcharge the battery, but also help
stabilize the device voltage. For frequent offline When charging and discharging
SLA batteries, you should use 0.2C constant current, then 2.45V/unit constant
voltage, and immediately enter the 2.27V/unit constant voltage "three-stage"
charging method after the battery is charged. The entire charging time is about
8 to 10 hours.
NICD batteries allow overcharging with a certain current, so choosing a
simple constant current source charger with 0.1C current is economical.
NIMH batteries are more sensitive to overcharging, that is, when using a
current of 0.1C, if you charge for more than 14 hours or continue to charge the
charged battery for a few more hours, the battery life will be greatly damaged.
The battery should be fully charged. It is very important to turn off the
current in time or reduce the charging current to below 0.02C, even for the 0.1C
night slow-charging NIMH charger.
There have been many successful cases of smart fast chargers with a maximum
charging current of about 2C. Such chargers generally have to monitor the
battery voltage, temperature and other parameters at all times during the
charging process, and automatically reduce the charging current when the battery
is about to be fully charged. This can minimize the risk of over-temperature and
over-voltage caused by battery overcharging.
The charging characteristics of NICD and NIMH batteries are very similar,
except that NIMH batteries generate more heat and have less obvious peak
voltages during the charging process. Both types of batteries use one of the
following conditions as the fast charge termination condition during fast
charging: including voltage rise slope (dV/dt), negative voltage rise (-dV) and
battery temperature rise slope (dT/dt) . There are also three conditions that
are set to operate under abnormal protection conditions: the highest battery
temperature, the highest battery voltage, and the built-in timer of the charger.
To realize these monitoring and intelligent switching actions, it will
definitely increase the cost of the charger, but without these measures, the
battery will face safety hazards such as reduced capacity, reduced cycle life,
and even leakage and explosion. .
The charging methods of LI-ION and SLA batteries are relatively similar.
Both require constant current and then constant voltage. The difference is that
lithium-ion batteries require higher voltage accuracy (<1%) in the constant
voltage stage of charging. Since the safety of lithium batteries is a fatal
hidden danger, special care must be taken in the control and protection of the
end of charge. For different applications, lithium-ion battery packs will have
built-in corresponding charging and discharging protection circuits, so as to
more safely protect the battery from happening.
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