source:Industry News Popular:adapter release time:2022-03-25 09:26:14 Article author:sznbone
Since switching appliances, including household appliances and low-voltage appliances, the insulating medium between conductive materials and contacts is generally air, therefore, the insulating ability of air and the breakdown voltage of air have become an extremely important issue.
As early as 1889, the famous scientist Paschen summed up the breakdown characteristics of various gases from experiments.
When pd is larger or smaller than its minimum value, the breakdown voltage drop increases accordingly.
It can be seen that:
If the gas pressure in the electrode gap is increased, or the gap is evacuated, the breakdown voltage of the gas can be increased.
This is the curve I drew about gas discharge, the blue area is the non-self-sustained discharge area, and the voltage at point C is the breakdown voltage.
in conclusion:
Due to the above three reasons, the national standard sets an altitude of 2000 meters as the limit value. General electrical appliances will not have any problems when used below 2000 meters, and the capacity should be derated when used above.
1. For household appliances with motors, it is difficult to dissipate heat at high altitudes, so derating is required. This is because the motor has coils, and the coils need to dissipate heat. It is difficult to dissipate heat in the plateau area, so motors and electrical appliances need to be derated.
2. All switching appliances with control contacts, such as circuit breakers, relays and contactors, need derating due to the difficulty of arc extinguishing of the contacts. In particular, the contacts of relays do not have the ability to extinguish arcs, and it is more difficult to extinguish arcs in high altitude areas. Therefore, two similar contacts should be connected in series in order to increase the length of the arc, so as to achieve cooling and extinguishing of the arc.
Whether it is a washing machine, a rice cooker, or a microwave oven, there is a problem of updating the control system. Manufacturers generally have products used in plateau areas.
3. For lighting lamps, since the light-emitting devices of lamps and lanterns are generally sealed in glass tubes and have nothing to do with air pressure, there is no need for derating of lighting lamps. However, since control appliances (such as micro-breaks) need to be derated, the number of lamps carried by the control appliances needs to be reduced.
4. The higher the temperature of the metal material, the lower its mechanical strength.
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