The power consumption of the switching power supply includes fixed losses
due to parasitic resistances of semiconductor switches, magnetic elements,
wiring, etc., and switching losses during switching operations. For the fixed
loss, since it mainly depends on the characteristics of the component itself, it
needs to be suppressed by the improvement of component technology. In terms of
magnetic components, there has been a long history of research on low-loss
winding methods that take into account both the skin effect and the adjacent
wire effect. In order to reduce the switching loss caused by the switching surge
caused by the leakage inductance of the transformer, new circuit technologies
such as a snubber circuit with a surge energy regeneration function have been
developed.
The following are circuit and system methods for improving the efficiency
of switching power supplies:
The first method: ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching), ZCS (Zero Current
Switching) and other methods that use resonant switching to reduce switching
losses.
This is very effective for reducing switching losses, but the problem is
that fixed losses due to peak current and peak voltage will increase.
The second method is to use the edge resonance (Edge ResONance) represented
by the active clamp circuit to reduce the switching loss.
This method is an active snubber (Active Snubber) developed to solve this
problem, which is a very practical ZVS method; however, the problem of
efficiency drop caused by reactive current under light load conditions is one of
the problems Big flaw.
The third method is to reduce the fixed loss by extending the on-time of
the switching element to suppress the peak current.
In this method, it is more effective to use a tap sensor, which can cope
with the surge phenomenon caused by leakage inductance.
The fourth method: in the case of low voltage and high current, the fixed
loss is reduced by improving the synchronous rectifier circuit.
The two-stage structure is one of the methods to realize the efficient
operation of the synchronous rectifier circuit. It adopts a fixed time ratio
close to 0.5, and the output voltage is controlled by the converter of the
previous stage. It contradicts the traditional thinking mode of "two-stage
structure will lead to lower efficiency", and is very effective in low voltage
and high current occasions.
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